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The
Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, was created in the year
1981 to protect the valuable remains of prehispanic
times, the outstanding archaeological sites and scenic beauty,
as well as the native flora and fauna of the region.
Nevertheless, the area is subject
to increasing human impact that threatens the cultural and natural
integrity of the area, weakening the efforts made for its conservation.
The
Actual Threats to the Sanctuary are:
1.
No Planning of Tourism impacts
-
Solid
Waste
-
Domestic
livestock of exotic animals
-
Increasing
transportation services and ways of communication, and
its consequences
2.
Unorganized
growth of Settlement Centers
3.
Forestry Fires, deforestation,
and reduction of the tree diversity
4.
Introduction of Flora species
5.
Illegal Hunting and extractionnof species of Flora
All
these situations, summed to the vulnerability of the natural
ecosystems, which increases during draught seasons, have unchained
a damaging process that threaten the actual and potential
enjoyment of the natural and cultural values of the Sanctuary,
also putting at risk the main economic activity in the
whole region, the various tourist services provided to the
visitors that visit the HSMP.
II.-
Weakness in the Management of the HSMP that contribute to
its damage
1.
Lack
of Zoning
2.
Absence of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) in all the
economic and social activities
3.
Slow process of consolidation
of the Management Unit for the development of the Master Plan
4.
A
Lack of Physical and legal consolidation of the Sanctuary
5.
Lack
of valuation of the environmental services of the Sanctuary
6.
Lack
of Integration into the Regional Context
7.
Lack of adequate planning
8.
Lack of financing for conservation
and management measures
9.
Lack of political will
Finally, the factors that generate the environmental
problems are summarized in the general ignorance (voluntary
or not) of the general the public, as well as the public and
private organizations that are active within the HSMP;
of the significance of preserving, maintaining and managing
a natural protected area, combining and conciliating
the interests of conservation of the Historic Sanctuary
of Machu Picchu with their particular, institutional,
and personal interests.
Strengths of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu
Picchu
-
Icon of the pre-columbian civilizations
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Sustainability to Finance the Master Plan and
other activities in critical areas is guaranteed.
-
National Tourism Symbol
-
Legal Framework
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Documentation and Information Bank
Opportunities for its adequate management
and implementation of the Master Plan.
-
Coordination Mechanisms
-
Programa Machu Picchu
-
Contribution to the Nation
-
Technical group established
-
Creation of the Ministry of Tourism
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